Diagnosis of MPDs involves a combination of blood tests, bone marrow examination, and genetic studies:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): To assess the levels and types of blood cells.
- Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration: To examine the marrow’s cellularity and architecture.
- Genetic Testing: Identifying mutations, such as JAK2, CALR, and MPL, which are common in MPDs.
- Blood Smear: Examining blood cells under a microscope to look for abnormalities.
- Erythropoietin Levels: Especially in polycythemia vera to distinguish from secondary causes of increased red blood cells.