Hemoglobinopathies can lead to various complications if not properly managed. These include:
- Stroke: Particularly in sickle cell disease, where abnormal red blood cells can block blood flow to the brain.
- Acute Chest Syndrome: A life-threatening lung complication in sickle cell disease characterized by chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
- Gallstones: Due to the breakdown of red blood cells, leading to excess bilirubin.
- Leg Ulcers: Chronic, non-healing sores on the legs, often seen in sickle cell disease.
- Delayed Growth and Development: Especially in children, due to chronic anemia and nutritional deficiencies.
- Organ Failure: Chronic damage to organs such as the heart, kidneys, and liver from repeated episodes of blood vessel blockage and reduced oxygen delivery.