Bladder cancer is more common in men and risk increases with age. Major risk factors include:
- Smoking or using tobacco
- Family history of bladder cancer
- Genetic changes linked to bladder cancer
- Exposure to chemicals like paints, dyes, metals, or petroleum products
- Previous pelvic radiation therapy
- Drinking water with high arsenic levels
- Bladder infections caused by the parasite Schistosoma haematobium
- Long-term use of urinary catheters