While heart transplantation can significantly improve the quality of life and survival for many patients, it is a complex procedure with potential risks and complications. These can include rejection of the donor’s heart by the recipient’s immune system, infection, complications from immunosuppressive medications, and side effects from anesthesia and surgery. Additionally, long-term issues such as coronary artery disease, kidney problems, and cancer may arise due to the immunosuppressive therapy required to prevent rejection.