The exact cause of most congenital heart defects is unknown, but they are believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some potential causes include:
- Genetic Mutations: Changes in genes or chromosomes can lead to heart defects. Some CHDs are associated with genetic syndromes like Down syndrome.
- Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain substances during pregnancy, such as alcohol, certain medications, or infections like rubella, can increase the risk of CHDs.
- Family History: Having a family member with a congenital heart defect can increase the risk of a baby being born with the same condition.
- Maternal Health Conditions: Conditions like diabetes or obesity in the mother can increase the risk of congenital heart defects in the baby.