Goiter can be caused by several factors, including:
- Iodine deficiency: Lack of iodine in the diet is a common cause of goiter, as iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production.
- Thyroid nodules: Benign or cancerous growths on the thyroid gland can cause enlargement.
- Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland due to infection, autoimmune conditions, or other causes.
- Autoimmune diseases: Conditions such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease can lead to goiter due to immune system dysfunction.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as lithium or amiodarone, can cause goiter as a side effect.